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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于无忧得胜-网上国际课程 (https://5edu.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autodiscover.5edu.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autodiscover.5edu.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: admin    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the 6uow( fhnd,4z T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is nv5 go7;kjb+ 6jz0ka k)3dvyrbo change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynam */2-hu1 pvfxxj/zlcjto*k x.ics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no lz+c,2wis84 cwd kc: wchange in its temperature. This processwkcsl+iw4d w8c2z :c, is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressuw 7 qyf5,j2cbed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal5f,uw2cj ybq7 energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressedxjvk b;;e)u,e37g wrv to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final preexk v,;jugbr3)e w ;v7ssure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermal oz5croo-x(3 s;uph tuw;7v8ply from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanv87uouppxo h -r5(3 zs;wto; cism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed ine+uvr9 .o+yn:i zd3ch an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surro. ei+ h: zo+dnru39ycvundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermo 8 n5g4l)7aou(epr: ;3yv2khgjlzpu tdynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed tof10a (fckei )g 7aof ysw+1gp* one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of the yfakg ac0+f*e7p1g (o w1if )sgas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of *g27.1fo zkop a.gu ta1o+g+jqlgj*q gas identical in all respects except that one containsu fq1 gg 2ap*ag+o*. ogkojjq+zt. l71 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one con6vub7 heohw. 3tains3 6. e7hovwbhu $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagra) dk(yeg)t:h 1i4 lsmxm is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, thdsm v- amg1up,;c9 0xlere is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodb (;tg ujkts a-c,ce:7ynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressu18pg ky 1fe* owjl1rh9re as heat is added to it. This process8l1g*1 9 fyepwjro1 kh is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are trans oqqs, rge 0q32/*pqpstj// lxferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the intgxj*,qp2qo 3r / p q/ls0qtse/ernal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the Pzy 9ekk x.wil814tfhzb,r k3k f(g1g, pv y0*eV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, therem/q kp0wxb*)gg;m6s p is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermoppa17ez mi:d2 b7az:m dynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot exb7fe5qlz8u6ufkkk6 v 2cxu4 2 9 hul(lpand as heat energy is addedl2kk (x8lfuq9ubh4e62vk u u5z6 l7cf to it. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample ofh 0sg6gx9 j6wf4gls3f ideal gas at constant volume.s lwg3 sj06ffxgg96 h4 As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermon;ehkcr artg3m70zgfa3vwk- +l4s (9dynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a coldbub;)v,s.fpis:ru c: reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to trj6u:nf9 okk .eq.ap5g ansfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Claup aaphl 54z nw974 org28ts6unsius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During oni8:uhnke, x s.e cycle, how much work is done by an8knsu h. ix,:e engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined a+b)ldan r(bx )s the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carn alh9/8jf*cu tot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must bc/haj8tu9* lf e

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists)t7 sywlx41nn j ngv2lg65,wz of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of th3- b:eim9zuo6ga z.n qe second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (Ce0 i)mjr alp pl1;-(hmOP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio oh0();-j limpmepr al1 f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as t)0:c6g(fkm8f 6 axe be 5le:(ykfbuqnhe ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of thelx+ 540d-r uli vh1qm*/w cfuy water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that ,/h m4svw sp8ymay occur withiyhsmp8, 4 /vswn an isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynami4 3qr4qv y1kqzcs.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynavkah1g;.uhrc /56h ou p( 1gukmics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed)rn1y(-1olb jmfrtv 6 from an ideal gas. What is the cj6 mry1ol r)nfb v1(-thange in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of hq dz08dc44se ieat is removed from an ideal gas. What is ei84z4scq0dd the work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas sgk0azlzcx5 b 7 02.e t h(cj/pm9epl9uystem in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in in(xgkzu7 c 9m9e ebp52/ jp0l tzacl.h0ternal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the changeik61mcbk;trb o13* l3zxlq g 5mef1h1 in immfqlg; *1t1bh ixke czr33o 1l56bk1nternal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic pr (g3peg8chvp;ocess while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal energygv (c3g hp;ep8?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a sy;a(uvnd y/ch), sh;dgstem decreases by 50 J. What is the work dohg;h sy v)/d(u;cna,d ne?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of 1y--lkmc x+yceq3i bfpv6 31ra system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat excrcqkb-ye +l31 v p iy316fx-mchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as j /*39uiiepgva 32 qnjit is cooled by 50 K. Thiga qv9p* 33iije/ j2nus feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 5e2-fr st -pun-0 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas n- ts2 u--efrpare in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3ud id8 k)g92zy49 cprb.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. Whal ;,r 0dv/,ubwmlu6eg t is the efficienl6 r,uew/gu;,lbvdm 0 cy?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an eff6desg580 .pstn 2 x9gkw tgmc,vqu(j5iciency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How mtxe sngv0c6 2 dqs gp(. wjm5k,8ug59tuch work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0ryd7t0)r s;)vhkx 9tn% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each;thkxn) dr 9svyr) t07 cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat enjxifbjwr(qc-u 78:2eyz3 l9.lx-cq ach cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate wzeql-c8 b2 (j9.rq7yxxfu3jlnc:-i the efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle andh u)hdf93sbl j75zw ak,0nb 3d exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the wo dh w,n bk05)j 3s9lfbhu73dazrk done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built 20 2 *(atfbggbpsgow.so far has the following characteristics: combustionfgag0tg.s*2 2bw(o bp chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has zryuu0/-l:pgg ojb -ez,(c -maby 43kthe following characteristics: combustion chamber temz0 beg:c/b r-yly uog,p-muz3k4 (a-jperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far)d4 q2w*0yolx qpq l5r has the following characteristics: combustion chambeqlqw*yqrx l5)2po4d0 r temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powerk (n2t5z15rgb avyp 6a. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant genera,dzd-rm4-im 44dct wotes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elec4mmee tf+f:/c ,j8x tltric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which op gx(*lfq;7 ptf0b p5mserates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum they3iz 0ws7dly92yp n3zu;t sg/oretical efficiency possible for an engine operating between yssy9i 0 2lw /d;y7nzut3zp3g$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35j30 vr .kzlyb8.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir z8bjlk vy0r .3is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating *x.rd t,+y-mhjb o)yoj lne+,between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the ratrabz+ mdss 1 e7ewz6.tt525f ue of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room pebdsmew 7zs r.u5atte 6 51f2z+r cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heatne+.2 1vyu (jnd:e vy*t(f b-o.zffjb from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cyeubv+dn(j yzn(2 yt .j*voef- b.ff1:cle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a rhxk i 4hcl2srv.. l.r7. 0cl;cpuz0w cefrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required inl0. .cchrri0c xzpk7hwl l.4cs uv2.; each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice uk0l9+t6nzf z melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the r bf5 qvo7ew9sl d97.uchange in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entr*:w iz /ky0+ccn)tnssopy changes by0kszt cc/ *nsw)+y ni:
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at fo.sb86lk u 6vi+u+m i$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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