Why is the depth of fieldqkp -/ c-z8fz0a( e kpyoooa*h9cyw*6 greater, and the image sharper, when a camera lens is “stopped down” to qyzayo-0wc kh 9(pz-e *6*pfk8oa/c oa larger f-number? Ignore diffraction.

Describe how diffraction affects the statement thap -k.y sf7f8pzt the depth of field is greater and pksf8yf7pz.-the image sharper when a camera lens is “stopped down” to a larger f-number.

Why must a camera lens be moved farther from the fx+diz((*h qh71 lqng fsyq,p /ilm to focus on a closer objecy sd+zi/(nq(hl 1q,gh f*x pq7t?

Why are bifocals needed mainly by older persons and no)o wf9pvx9+-iyulb:)c7h8 y agbhfz 0t generally by younger peopuya xo):)hv+97bb0i- 8chf ypg9wl zfle?

  Will a nearsighted person who wears corrective lenses in her glas5d-lo tqn*-wl ses be able to see clearly undero -*-l dwtln5qwater when wearing those glasses?  ----待选择----yesno Use a diagram to show why or why not.

You can tell whether a person is nearsighted or farsighted by looking at the w4tpst; +nki9np27 ,pz+xfo evidth of the face through their glasses. If the person’s face appears narrower through the glasses (Fig. Below), is the person farsitvz 4+pxtkf s,+pe;n7 i9pn2o ghted or nearsighted?

In attempting to discern distant details, people will sometimes *m,zo ;sx 5vaosquint. Why does this hm z,s*axvo5; oelp?

Is the image formed on the retina of the human *a w j6wr+z9 b*0jjuumeye upright or inverted? Discuss the implications of this for our perceptiorau j 0w9+m*zjuw*6bjn of objects.

The human eye is much like a camera — yet, when a cameaw)s 4yi g9mm)yz8f; fra shutter is left open and the camera is moved, the image will be blurred; but i zf84 fmmgs)ayy);9w when you move your head with your eyes open, you still see clearly. Explain.

  Reading glasses use converging lenses. A simple magnifier is also a converg)p w 6o2 fkkj8pby8c1ming lens. Are reading glassemf) 8 yw p2kp1bkoc86js therefore magnifiers? ----待选择----yesno  Discuss the similarities and differences between converging lenses as used for these two different purposes.

Inexpensive microscopes for children’s use usually produce images that are color r18yfs v34pxved v4spv8r3y1x f at the edges. Why?

Spherical aberration in a thin lens is minimized if rays are bent equalwgn h7u:6 b4osly by the two surfaces. If a planoconvex lens is used to form a 4oub7n 6g hw:sreal image of an object at infinity, which surface should face the object? Use ray diagrams to show why.

Which aberrations present in a simple lens are not present (or are greatly reduc(w ;euag2k6 hkp (keu9ed)(6e2pw k9ka ueh(kg;u in the human eye?

Explain why chromatic aberratx15dfc c-yf-, btnwb;ion occurs for thin lenses but not for mirrors.

  By what factor can you ikb- /ikfy-*q(uh 2z uwmprove resolution, other things being equal, if you use blue light - /u(bqh2ufzwy* k-ki ($\lambda=450mm$) rather than red (700 $nm$)?  

Give at least two advantages for the use of large rg5yi 97m/unpwrv/ w 1beflecting mirrors in astronomical telesc wy1u/w5 vmigpb/9r7 nopes.

Which color of visible light would give td+c 5f(ldbqp 5he best resolution in a microscope? Expla+ cfp(b 5lqdd5in.

  Atoms have diameters of abou g wip:hfkcgb 3un89r4f:on(2t $10^{-8}\,$cm$. Can visible light be used to “see” an atom? ----待选择----yesno  Explain.

  A 55-mm-focal-lengthj b89( .h/ 5o6ogslfoa9oip5 (utgscy lens has f-stops ranging from $f/1.4$ to $f/22$. What is the corresponding range of lens diaphragm diameters?    $\mathrm{mm}\leq D\leq$    $\mathrm{mm}$

  A television camera lens has asmbjyf6p +u*8 un2i6a 14-$cm$ focal length and a lens diameter of 6.0 $cm$. What is its $f$-number? $f$/  

  A light meter reports that a camer xzgt)sb+81ns a setting of $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/5.6$ will give a correct exposure. But the photographer wishes to use $f/11$ to increase the depth of field. What should the shutter speed be?$t_2$ = 1/   s

  A properly exposed photograph fy)c l6 y*n 3ulvy*ryenwa;19i8klv/is taken at $f/16$ and $\frac{1}{60}\,s$ What lens opening would be required if the shutter speed were $\frac{1}{1000}\,s$? $f$/  

  If an $f$ = 135-mm telephoto lens is designed to cover object distances from 1.2 m to $\infty $, over what distance must the lens move relative to the plane of the film?    mm

  A 200-mm-focal-length lens utt e3cp6aw(,can be adjusted so that it is 200.0 mm to 206.0 mm from the filep,u6tt ac3(w m. For what range of object distances can it be adjusted?    $\mathrm{m}\leq d_{\circ}\leq\infty$

  A nature photographer wishes to photograph a 28-mtall tree fs47un l /qstm7gxw- ta- ne1i/rom a distance of 58 m. What focal-length lens should be used if the image is to fi m -nie7q/tsuxn a-ls1/4tg7w ll the 24-mm height of the film?    mm

A “pinhole” camera uses a tiny pinhole instesxwkkkdbepp9 4 2 v5-0ad of a lens. Show, using ray diagrams, how reasonably shar dwkv-9pb20 4sx p5ekkp images can be formed using such a pinhole camera. In particular, consider two point objects 2.0 $cm$ apart that are 1.0 m from a 1.0-mm-diameter pinhole. Show that on a piece of film 7.0 $cm$ behind the pinhole the two objects produce two separate circles that do not overlap.

  Suppose that a correct84i tzjkj,a v)x44; ss.h)wjah7 du ht exposure is $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/11$ Under the same conditions, what exposure time would be needed for a pinhole camera (Problem 8) if the pinhole diameter is 1.0 mm and the film is 7.0 $cm$ from the hole? $t_2$ = 1/   s

  A human eyeball is aboubqr00/lx *c 4rpqquv/t 2.0 $cm$ long, and the pupil has a maximum diameter of about 8.0 mm. What is the “speed” of this lens? $ f-stop$ = f/  

  If the nearsighted person in Example 25–6 wore contact lenses correto8c0 3(gwycdcted for the fay3(gc 8 octwd0r point $(=\,\infty)$ show that the near point would be 41 $cm$. (Would glasses be better in this case?) glasses would be  ----待选择----betterworse 

  Reading glasses of what power are needed for gue-l ujfojox;ud 4x6q0:mgn-** b6ca person whose near point is 115 $cm$, so that he can read a computer screen at 55 $cm$? Assume a lens–eye distance of 1.8 $cm$.+    D

  A person has a far point of 14 0z 1o;allnd5ox)wk4 ljyzn)7 $cm$. What power glasses would correct this vision if the glasses were placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye?    What power contact lenses, placed on the eye, would the person need?   

  A person struggles to read by holding a book at arm’s length, a distance of 4o-9iw* sn abu;5 $cm$ away (= near point). What power of reading glasses should be prescribed for him, assuming they will be placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye and he wants to read at the normal near point of 25 $cm$? +    D

  A person’s left eye is corrected by a hu* yb,;m f zlopv1n,0$-3.50-diopter$ lens, 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
(a) Is this person’s left eye near- or farsighted?  ----待选择----nearsightedfarsighted 
(b) What is this eye’s far point without glasses?    cm

  A person’s right eye can see objects clearly only hhvyr*, c g6wk3;ow1 dif they are between 25 $cm$ and 75 $cm$ away.
(a) What power of contact lens is required so that objects far away are sharp? -    D
(b) What will be the near point with the lens in place?    cm

  About how much longer iss6d :pzg(a geca k)o:grk89-y the nearsighted eye in Example 25–6 than the 2.0 $cm$ of a normal eye?    cm

  One lens of a nearsighted perslo2.5wq g acy-on’s eyeglasses has a focal length of $-22.0 \, cm$ and the lens is 1.8 $cm$ from the eye. If the person switches to contact lenses that are placed directly on the eye, what should be the focal length of the corresponding contact lens?    cm

  What is the focal length of the eye–lens system when viewing a4f c4 d.ap9ptd (ty.rin object
(a) at infinity,    cm
(b) 33 $cm$ from the eye? Assume that the lens–retina distance is 2.0 $cm$.   cm

  A nearsighted person has z; /wb9ie6c2dz( xsrj near and far points of 10.0 and 20.0 $cm$, respectively. If she puts on contact lenses with power $P\,=\,-4.00D$, what are her new near and far points?
near point    cm
far point    cm

  What is the magnification of a lens ujbu nmi;x6lg 9.)i7q ised with a relaxed eye if its focal length is u6nl.7xq igib;9 i)jm12 $cm$? =    $\times$

  What is the focal length of a maqy m 4. bvprrsc)gatcf75 2q,a 4ag9g)gnifying glass of $3.5\times$ magnification for a relaxed normal eye?    cm

  A magnifier is rated8tm2( +* tukmipq: xty at $2.5\times$for a normal eye focusing on an image at the near point.
(a) What is its focal length?    cm
(b) What is its focal length if the $2.5\times$ refers to a relaxed eye?    cm

  Sherlock Holmes is using 0 tw1 lo*kw0lka 9.00-$cm$-focal-length lens as his magnifying glass. To obtain maximum magnification, where must the object be placed (assume a normal eye), and what will be the magnification?
$d_o$ =    cm from the lens
M =    $\times$

  A 3.30-mm-wide beetle is viewed with v1coe2f jju/irb4 7s:z,btv* a 9.50-$cm$-focal-length lens. A normal eye views the image at its near point. Calculate
(a) the angular magnification, =    $\times$
(b) the width of the image,    mm
(c) the object distance from the lens.    cm from the lens

  A small insect is plwu+-*he lze pm3/b (wiaced 5.55 $cm$ from a $+6.00-$cm$-focal-length$ lens. Calculate
(a) the position of the image,    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass with a focal lendytg *f9 i))l 2o/jewxgth of 8.5 $cm$ is used to read print placed at a distance of 7.5 $cm$. Calculate
(a) the position of the image;    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass is rated ahoz oix 69--qlqk5, crt $3.0\times$ for a normal eye that is relaxed. What would be the magnification of this lens for a relaxed eye whose near point is
(a) 55 $cm$, =    $\times$
(b) 16 $cm$? Explain the differences. =    $\times$

  What is the magnificatio8rh 13dik whu9n of an astronomical telescope whose objective lens has a focal length of1 hhu3wk9di r8 76 $cm$ and whose eyepiece has a focal length of 2.8 $cm$? What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for a relaxed eye?
M =    $\times$
L =    $\times$

  The overall magnification of an astronomical telesco24ec4d6,uk m igc nhx.pe is desired to be 25$\times$. If an objective of 78$-cm$ focal length is used,
what must be the focal length of the eyepiece? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for use by the relaxed eye? L =    cm

  An 8.0$\times$ binocular has 2.8$-$cm$-focal-length$ eyepieces. What is the focal length of the objective lenses?    cm

  An astronomical telescoperc 9-fkf .m)std;7hk u has an objective with focal length 85 $cm$ and a $+35-D$ eyepiece. What is the total magnification? =    $\times$

  An astronomical telescope has its ciyi9t mf wsm/iq 3 -36w6oy:utwo lenses spaced 75.2 $cm$ apart. If the objective lens has a focal length of 74.5 $cm$, what is the magnification of this telescope? Assume a relaxed eye. =    $\times$

  A Galilean telescope adjusted for xxe5-t( eo4hrj 5 7(bhd ue;mca relaxed eye is 32.8 $cm$ long. If the objective lens has a focal length of 36.0 $cm$, what is the magnification? =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying powa quh81d4 fcv2er of an astronomical telescope using a reflecting mirror whose r42q8da1f uhvcadius of curvature is 6.0 $m$ and an eyepiece whose focal length is 3.2 $cm$? =    $\times$

  The Moon’s image appears to be magnified( 0hbo rdp; s+zn(fom; 120$\times$ by a reflecting astronomical telescope with an eyepiece having a focal length of 3.2 $cm$. What are the focal length and radius of curvature of the main (objective) mirror? M =    m r =    m

  A 170$\times$ astronomical telescope is adjusted for a relaxed eye when the two lenses are 1.25 m apart. What is the focal length of each lens?
$f_e$ =    mm
$f_o$ =    m

  A reflecting telescope (Fig. Below) has a radius of cu7 0 ci7ppphhh:rvature of 3.0 m for its objectp hp7p :c70ihhive mirror and a radius of curvature of $-1.50m$ for its eyepiece mirror. If the distance between the two mirrors is 0.90 m, how far in front of the eyepiece should you place the photographic film to record the image of a star? $d_{2i}$ =    m

  A microscope uses an eyepiece wqehp m.ajtuxve)86 0/ith a focal length of 1.40 $cm$. Using a normal eye with a final image at infinity, the tube length is 17.5 $cm$ and the focal length of the objective lens is 0.65 $cm$. What is the magnification of the microscope? =    $\times$

  A 620 $\times$ microscope uses a 0.40-$cm$-focal-length objective lens. If the tube length is 17.5 $cm$, what is the focal length of the eyepiece? Assume a normal eye and that the final image is at infinity. $f_e$ =    cm

  A 17-$cm$-long microscope has an eyepiece with a focal length of 2.5 $cm$ and an objective with a focal length of 0.28 $cm$. What is the approximate magnification?    $times$

  A microscope has a 12:*g fnxew c+w:.0$times$ eyepiece and a 59.0$times$ objective lens 20.0 $cm$ apart. Calculate
(a) the total magnification,    $times$
(b) the focal length of each lens, $f_e$ =    cm $f_o$ =    cm
(c) where the object must be for a normal relaxed eye to see it in focus. $d_o$ =    cm

  A microscope has a 1bb4uyhv9m pbfi:cgt.u;*s q.+i( 2l w.8-$cm$-focal-length eyepiece and a 0.80-$cm$ objective lens. Assuming a relaxed normal eye, calculate
(a) the position of the object if the distance between the lenses is 16.0 $cm$, $d_{oo}$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $times$

  Repeat Problem 61 assuming that theo2+y 1al(.bc uzmk q,/ae u)fc final image is located 25 $cm$ from the eyepiece (near point of a normal eye). $d_{oo}$ =    cm   $times$

  The eyepiece of a compound microscope has a focal length of 2.702c- 7rfdz dcf( $cm$, and the objective lens has $f=0.740\mathrm{~cm}$. If an object is placed 0.790 $cm$ from the objective lens, calculate
(a) the distance between the lenses when the microscope is adjusted for a relaxed eye, $l$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $\times$

  An achromatic lens is made of two very thin lensmk8 fn b njz/n97m:h6 dc-h9dges, placed in contact, that have focal lengths zhg6 /7 f9nbk: d dj-8nchn9mmof $f_1=-28\mathrm{~cm}$ and $f_2=+23\mathrm{~$cm$}.$
(a) Is the combination converging or diverging?  ----待选择----convergingdiverging 
(b) What is the net focal length?    m

  Let’s examine spherical aberration in a particular situation. A planoconb/mnubry;.q/z ca,x/ vex lens of i ;ma bu/,zy x.b/cqrn/ndex of refraction 1.50 and radius of curvature $R=12.0\mathrm{~$cm$}$ is shown in (Fig. Below). Consider an incoming ray parallel to the principal axis and a height h above it as shown. Determine the distance d, from the flat face of the lens, to where this ray crosses the principal axis if
(a) $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_1$ =    cm
(b) $h=6.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_2$ =    cm
(c) How far apart are these “focal points”? $\Delta d$ =    cm
(d) What is the radius of the “circle of least confusion” produced by the $h=6.0-\mathrm{~$cm$},$ ray at the “focal point” for $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$? r =    cm

  What is the angular resolution limit (degrees) 1 i t79pk6sx)xw4lxacset by diffraction for the 100-in. (t lpswx 6 xak)ic471x9254-$cm$ mirror diameter) Mt. Wilson telescope ($\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}$)?   $ \times10^{ -5}\;^{\circ}$

  Suppose that you wish to construct9um3ej /2*oorh,9c 5f ky wv7la*yvc g a telescope that can resolve features 7.0 $km$ across on the Moon, 384,000 $km$ away. You have a 2.0-$m$-focal-length objective lens whose diameter is 11.0 $cm$.
What focal-length eyepiece is needed if your eye can resolve objects 0.10 $mm$ apart at a distance of 25 $cm$? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the resolution limit (radians) set by the size of the objective lens (that is, by diffraction)?
Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ $\theta$   $ \times10^{ -6}\;rad$

  The normal lens on a 35-mm camera has a foc ;m gm(hnczh i:,adi;6al length of 50.0 $mm$. Its aperture diameter varies from a maximum of 25 $mm$ $(f/2)$ to a minimum of 3.0 mm $(f/16)$. Determine the resolution limit set by diffraction for $f/2$ and $f/16$. Specify as the number of lines per millimeter resolved on the film. Take $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$
For $\frac{f}{2}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm
For $\frac{f}{16}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm

  Two stars 15 light-years away are barely reanw-+: 4arx .re5mcr33ob vr29auase solved by a 55-$cm$ (mirror diameter) telescope. How far apart are the stars? Assume $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ and that the resolution is limited by diffraction.   $ \times10^{11 }\;m$

  (a) How far away can a human eye distinguis- u) 6q8wbgznr*x;sxxgo5 id7 h two car headlights 2.0 $m$ apart? Consider only diffraction effects and assume an eye pupil diameter of 5.0 $mm$ and a wavelength of 550 $nm$.
L =    km
(b) What is the minimum angular separation an eye could resolve when viewing two stars, considering only diffraction effects? In reality, it is about of arc. Why is it not equal to your answer in (b)? $\theta$ =    $\times 10^{-3}$ $^{\circ}$

  The Earth and Moon are separated bt (y-+zbulzb;..h ncj y about $400\times10^6\mathrm{~m.}$ When Mars is $8\times10^{10}\mathrm{~m}$ from Earth, could a person standing on Mars resolve the Earth and its Moon as two separate objects without a telescope? Assume a pupil diameter of 5 $mm$ and $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$  ----待选择----yesno 

  X-rays of wavelength 0.133 nm fall on a crystal whose atoms, )h. u1pu/w: ddfdard19pt,an lying in planes, areap9 dd1h)/uu ad.fr,dw t:np1 spaced 0.280 $nm$ apart. At what angle \phi (relative to the surface, Fig. Below) must the X-rays be directed if the first diffraction maximum is to be observed? $\phi $ =    $^{\circ}\,$

  X-rays of wavelength 0.0973 nm are directed at an unknown cpd5 kv*nwpkg )edl-c1 j.v1c9rystal. The second diffraction maximum is recorded when the X-rays are directed at an ank95e-1 pnvpl vwjd )ckc.gd 1*gle of $\mathrm{23.4°}$ relative to the crystal surface. What is the spacing between crystal planes? d =    nm

  First-order Bragg diffraction isfzbr9 c32gg,, e v3es)d9pb dd0jcbu48ordk0 observed at $\mathrm{25.2°}$ related to the crystal surface, with spacing between atoms of 0.24 $nm$.
(a) At what angle will second order be observed? $\phi_2 $=    $^{\circ}\,$
(b) What is the wavelength of the X-rays? $\lambda $ =    nm

  (a) Suppose for a conventional X-xmyya xvw(-78ewa6pm5 g5)c x (you;vray image that the X-ray beam consists of parallel rays. What would be the magnification of the image? a th )we -6;a xyxm(ap7cx(vw5 y58yogvmue magnification is   
(b) Suppose, instead, the X-rays come from a point source (as in Fig. Below) that is 15 $cm$ in front of a human body 25 $cm$ thick, and the film is pressed against the person’s back. Determine and discuss the range of magnifications that results. $m_1$ =    the magnification is  

  Sam purchases $+3.50-diopter$ eyeglasses which correct his faulty vision to put his near point at 25 $cm$. (Assume he wears the lenses 2.0 $cm$ from his eyes.)
(a) Calculate the focal length of Sam’s glasses.    cm
(b) Calculate Sam’s near point without glasses. his near point is    cm
(c) Pam, who has normal eyes with near point at 25 $cm$, puts on Sam’s glasses. Calculate Pam’s near point with Sam’s glasses on.    cm from her eyes

  As early morning passed toward midday, and the sunlight got more intensezuja u7):6c ty, a photographer noted that, if she kept u7ua ctz6 )y:jher shutter speed constant, she had to change the $f$-number from $f/5.6$ to $f/22$. By what factor had the sunlight intensity increased during that time? $I_2$ =    $I_1$

Show that for objects very f03k 4s3d; 0f k mkuwfi* rko/axv4es*jar away (assume infinity), the magnification of a cam*k0 3jm 4i f0kku*wsek/a4sxvof3 d;r era lens is proportional to its focal length.

  For a camera equipped movtd0+u82epb b;0jziq z i10;v,d uv with a 50-$mm$-focal-length lens, what is the object distance if the image height equals the object height? How far is the object from the film?
$d_o$ =    mm
d =    mm

  A woman can see clearly with her right eye only when objects are h1s4osx6 4(:eihh7tu nak )tvbetween 45 $cm$ and 155 $cm$ away. Prescription bifocals should have what powers so that she can see distant objects clearly (upper part) and be able to read a book 25 $cm$ away (lower part) with her right eye? Assume that the glasses will be 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
$P_1$ =    D(upper part)
$P_2$ =    D(lower part)

  A child has a near pointft */k 5og ed:vm4h*fy of 15 $cm$. What is the maximum magnification the child can obtain using an 8.0-$cm$-focal-length magnifier? What magnification can a normal eye obtain with the same lens? Which person sees more detail?
$M_1$ =    $\times$
$M_2$ =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying;n9ie ljod pf2;e61 ae power of a $+4.0-D$ lens used as a magnifier? Assume a relaxed normal eye. $M$ =    $\times$

  A physicist lost in the mouuubn iqw*9z32e 3 rf5 wvx3.pintains tries to make a telescope using the lenses from his reading glapizq23iur ewn. x35bv f3uw*9 sses. They have powers of $+2.0-D$ and $+4.0-D$, respectively.
(a) What maximum magnification telescope is possible? $M$ =    $\times$
(b) Which lens should be used as the eyepiece?    D

  A 50-year-old man usei(;mif,r -ahcp+m zh *s $+2.5-diopter$ lenses to read a newspaper 25 $cm$ away. Ten years later, he must hold the paper 35 $cm$ away to see clearly with the same lenses. What power lenses does he need now in order to hold the paper 25 $cm$ away? (Distances are measured from the lens.) $P_2$ = +    D

  Spy planes fly at exl- ymw8,sd,eg+l xh;mb0 r-(vkun b,ttremely high altitudes (25 $km$) to avoid interception. Their cameras are reportedly able to discern features as small as 5 $cm$. What must be the minimum aperture of the camera lens to afford this resolution? (Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$)D =    cm

When shooting pictures at very rfwmwws 1y*zhc /6q 61short distances, exposure times must be increased because of the increased distance of the lens from the film for a focused image.mw*qw1 hs 6yrc/6w1z f
(a) Show that when the object is so close to the camera that the image height equals the object height, the exposure time must be four times longer (or 2 f-stops) than when the object is a long distance away (say, $$\infty), given the same illumination and f-stop.
(b) Show that if $d_o$ is at least four or five times the focal length f of the lens, the exposure time is increased by less than half an f-stop relative to the same object being a great distance away.

  The objective lens and the eyepiece of a telg(gfe-lk6pffja +a 8xz m7 2b6escope are spaced 85 $cm$ apart. If the eyepiece is $+23$ diopters, what is the total magnification of the telescope? $M$ =    $\times$

  The Hubble Space Telescope, with an objec:uxyiwtnm /,.qa o-l vi9(hk0tive diameter of 2.4 m, is viewing the Moon. Estimate the minimum distance between two objects on the Moon that the Hubble can distinguish. Consider diffraction of light of wavelength 550 nm. As.a(o uik/il hm9 tx-v q:,nw0ysume the Hubble is near the Earth.    m

  Two converging lenses, o34tn8 6 yjbuvn:ft k1one with $f=4.0\mathrm{~cm}$ and the other with $f=44\mathrm{~cm}$ are made into a telescope.
(a) What are the length and magnification? Which lens should be the eyepiece?
The distance between the two lenses is   cm
M =    $\times $
f =    cm
(b) Assume these lenses are now combined to make a microscope; if the magnification needs to be $25\times,$ how long would the microscope be?    cm

  An astronomical telesccrpo)8t 83 qyuunn;x0ope has a magnification of 8.0. If the two lenses are 28 $cm$ apart, determine the focal length of each lens.
The focal length of the eyepiece lens is    cm
The focal length of the objective lens is    cm

  You want to design a spy sm *k+(fu4g kumatellite to photograph license plate numbers. Assuming it is necessary to resolve poikmu +*fg(m k4unts separated by 5 $cm$ with 550-$nm$ light, and that the satellite orbits at a height of 130 $km$, what minimum lens aperture (diameter) is required? D =    m

  A Lucite planoconvex lens (Figq mwbm(40 l;5cm(ntq1(.yy0lzh mplt. Below) has one flat surface and the other has $R=18.4\mathrm{~cm}.$ This lens is used to view an object, located 66.0 $cm$ away from the lens, which is a mixture of red and yellow. The index of refraction of the glass is 1.5106 for red light and 1.5226 for yellow light. What are the locations of the red and yellow images formed by the lens? $d_{i\,red}$ =    cm
$d_{i\,orange}$ =    cm