1. Which of the following cou23p s)k7/apbq9ior /wk 2fzmj s4 , kgp(c7yqsld be part of the description of a forest habitat on a mountm9afkrj7q7)2k 4qz po ksw3sbpi ,sp/ 2/( gcyain?
I. The community in the forest.
II. The population of a species.
III. The annual mean rainfall.
IV. The location of the mountain range

  2. Which of the following are conditions required for coram34fab,h2) hwc9d s7cb 0ypub l reef formation in an ocean?,h4wbcs9 af p c7y bmuh0d3b2)
I. Appropriate salinity of the water.
II. The presence of coral grazing species.
III. The annual mean temperature of the ocean between 22 and 27°C.
IV. The depth of the water allows sunlight to reach the reef.

  3. Which one of the following is a correct featurenh mr)zf3sb)+t4obn uw.5jb:;g o f(gm5 niq; of a tundra biome but not for a nq4o; +:)g;n f h3nwbubf5sm (ot.5ir bjmg) ztaiga biome?

  4. What is the best description of the limits of toler 67xim7k e)jmv)myh;h:pk rs3vb c a(/vc32hwance of a species?

(a) Divided leaves

(b) Low stomatal dens 6x;kl.hm uyy3ity

(c) Leaves at the tos)-,i -ps , nln(mtmi hwom0w;-xpp6g p of tall stems.

(a) List the two abiotic factors that *gcwc,gz;; poare the determinants of the type of terresgz;c ,wp* oc;gtrial biome.

(b) Suggest one example of an area occupied by one th4q /zrdojbwo7gv352bjm osun 0 b/2(r ese biomes that may change due to global warming. Suggest a reason why this change maygoz/m5 dvrn(2o j34s/2j w7r qbob0 ub happen.

7. Borislava is an ecologist. She is responsible for the 77t1kgou/plkprotected areas of a beach on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. The area is protected because there are populations of rare plants adapted to the sand dune habitat which is a hostile et1o p77/luk kgnvironment for many plant species. The conservation areas are each of approximately 100x50m.

Explain how to carry out a line transect to monitor the distribution of plants in this part of the beach.

8. Outline three ways in which plants avoid b n,e.dvn+i4y1su4 mv aeing consumed by herbivorous animalsv14 4sa.nue, vdmiyn+.