Which term describes the splitting of water molecules in the presence of ly l96m 2pk/nd4juab7eight to produce electrons, hydrogen ions and oxygenunak 47y 6 /d2emjblp9 molecules?

  Which of the following is involved in carbon fixation during photosyntx+z83x r;o xr7bck,f ehesis?

  The diagram below shrvy8g -q qa- yjy(*; o:v3jyyw +rfz.nows an experiment investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis. Which of the following is not a method of keeping a controlled variable at a conj jyr;vv(y.-+r- ay8yyqz ngofqw:*3 stant value throughout this particular experiment?

  What does X represent(3s+ 03ef yazenxgn v1 qfj 0lhhcb-y; hza2:9?

  The Hill reaction shows electron transfer in isolated chloroplasts for the lightm(5cpbg g5k *rp p4o8xpo27zd-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. A blue dye, DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol) is used instead of the natural final electron acceptor. What is the final5pd gg(84z xc7prmoopp 25 kb* electron acceptor in photosynthesis?

  The micrograph below shows part of a p9p0z0)js0pela iv w8 chloroplast in a leaf.Which of the following struct 80v9 0pip)jw0lzpsea ures are found in the part of a chloroplast labelled X?
I.Photosystem I
II.ATP Synthase
III.Ribosomes

  This graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at diffqa/zoq3tze a-q4 np/v *78b) 8qtqjkkerent temperatures.

What conclusion can be made?

  The graph shows the effect of light intensity on the 239 k7p taxmg.d nky/vrate of photosynthesis.

What can be concluded from the results presented in this graph?

  The following processes occur in the Calvin g*t,d6,ew diwuz- ka. cycle.
I. Ribulose bisphosphate regeneration
II. Carbon dioxide fixation
III. Glycerate-3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate
Which is the incorrect sequence for these processes?

  Which of the following correctly shows where chemiosmosis takes place/9)ip r-jyl a frx3g*e in photosynthesis and9arr)ep*3yflj xg -i/ aerobic cell respiration?

Coleus blumei is an attractg (7cdrf)fu+d p9y*r aive houseplant with red leaves.

1.Determine with a reason whether or not this plant is still able to conduct photosynthesis with red leaves.
2.Red leaves absorb and reflect different coloured light than green leaves. Distinguish between red light and green light in the visible spectrum.
3.Outline how limiting factors affect the rate of photosynthesis.
4.Explain how oxygen produced during photosynthesis can be used during respiration

  What is the main source of hyd5zd;i e ezz3 q+m)z6jbrogen ions in the light-dependent reactions for photosynthe53) j mziz;6dezbeq+z sis?

  Which of the following correccfq.971j6al q9gegoc tly describes photosynthesis or respiration?

	Reaction	Products	Anabolic or Catabolic	Endothermic or Exothermic
A	Photosynthesis	Carbon dioxide, water	Catabolic	Exothermic
B	Respiration	Oxygen, glucose	Catabolic	Exothermic
C	Photosynthesis	Oxygen, glucose	Anabolic	Endothermic
D	Respiration	Carbon dioxide, water	Anabolic	Endothermic

  Which type of reaction is occurr0:,oels)kx;,3vy/k voj c bd jing in this light-independent reaction of photosynthes,x)v o:vkeo,0ydbk l/;j3j cs is?

  Which structure of the chlovwji b/+zyy-i(52 wa oroplast is most involved in the production of reduced NAD/yob- ww 5ii+a v(2zjyP and ATP?

The diagram shows the separation of photosynthetic.lmb qr0:2x et pigments using the thin-layer chromatography (0 qmt :rx2.eblTLC) technique in the solvent propanone.

1.Identify a pigment that is present in cabbage but not in spinach
2.Outline the method used to extract the pigments from the plant leaves.
3.1Outline what information the Rf value provides in this experiment.
2.Calculate the Rf value of Xanthophyll, showing your working.
4.Spinach also contains Lycopene, an orange/red pigment. Suggest why it is absent from the chromatogram.
5.Deduce, with a reason, what pigment X is.
6.Explain why the origin must be above the solvent at the start of the experiment.
7.Explain why it is important that the TLC plate is held by its edges when setting up this experiment.

In an investigation into the impacts of climate4rsp38 irx/0lcq rnc/ change on the rate of photosynthesis, pondweed was placed in a number of sealed conical flasks, each containing a solution of water and carb r8r /x0pslrqni34/cconic acid.

Each conical flask was placed in a water bath maintained at a constant temperature. At regular time intervals, samples of the solution were taken from each conical flask and measured using a pH probe.

The results are shown in the table.

1.1Identify the dependent and independent variables in this investigation.
1.2State one variable that must be kept constant in this investigation to ensure the results are valid.
2Describe the relationship between the temperature, time and pH of the solution.
3Predict the pH of the dilute carbonic acid solution at $40^{\circ}C$ after 60 minutes.1
4.1Calculate the rate of change in pH between 30 - 40 minutes and 40 - 50 minutes for the trial kept at $40^{\circ}C$.
4.2Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of change you calculated in (i).
5.Suggest one improvement to the design of this experiment and state whether it would increase the accuracy or reliability of the results.

  Which visible spectrum represents the correct range of wav++svs yg:h :v-k0bh tfm73 bhuelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by -bh0uhs+ bmv kh3s:+ :y7vtfgchlorophyll for photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is a process where carbon compounds al0 i2 on,xfz3pre produced in the presence of light. z,opif 3xn0l2
1.Draw and label an action spectrum for photosynthesis in plants.
2.Outline how energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide.
3.Describe an experiment investigating the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.

  What is used to generate a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in thf-j/wfk.+acy)efl7 mknpzo* n0 k3l/e light-dependent reactions of phot7- kj 3m nk) kw*yl+f.azn/0fec fo/lposynthesis?

  What is the process that takes place before excited elbka*+w.5 iep9y e,rkw qs4 6tvectrons are transferred from photosystem II to photo kq+e549rw* tb ws,yeakpi.6vsystem I?

  In which structure of tj7j,d.bsrf pk3+eqia8/ vkss 3 jo:y2he chloroplast does ribulose bisphosphate undergo carboxylap38bjrsq/ : 7e+vyjs o k 2dfk.js,i3ation?

  Which products are formed at the end ofn62m j3lrryxl3w85zc the light-dependent and light-independent reactions?cr2rl x3zm38wljn5 6y

  Thin-layer chromatography can be used to separate photosynthetic pigments. f; 1mzndzcw(* Below is a diagram showing the separation of pigments in this way. Rf values are used to work out what zc;mnz1*(d fw pigments are present in the leaf extracts.
Which of the following are the measurements that need to be taken to calculate the Rf values?

The diagram below sho:+d5xx a;ep vbbs8+ mbws the ultrastructure of a chloroplast.

1.Identify the enzyme that catalyses the process of carbon fixation and is found at Y.
2.Deduce, with a reason, which structure of the chloroplast has the lowest pH value.
3.State the name of the structure found in chloroplasts that consists of stacks of fluid-filled sacs, which give the chloroplast a larger surface area for light absorption.
4.Describe the factors that would increase the number of starch grains in structure Y.
5.Distinguish between photosystem II and photosystem I.
6.Describe the process of photophosphorylation in photosynthesis.

  The graph shows the acj zc c4,sw,ct799 h3ns 2rx+ar-gpiyrtion spectrum for photosynthesis.

What can be directly inferred from the graph?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are enzyme-catalysed reactions. w bcey.z/pm,rb8 6/rz2(grah ) ;i jxv
1.Outline the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
2.Describe the technological advancements and experimental tools that were used in Calvin’s experiment on photosynthesis.
3.Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

  Carbon dioxide enrichment experiments are used to predict future rates ofz w)v f6o;xbb9- tn)ss photosynthesis and plant growth. Wh;fxz)ot- w 6 )vbsbns9ich of the following is an advantage of enclosed greenhouse experiments over free-air carbon dioxide experiments (FACE) experiments, when conducting carbon dioxide enrichment experiments?

  In algae, what is the role of carb6xg8bnia )7ze on dioxide in photosystem II, and what form is it found in?n7ia8xze6b)g

  What were the results obtained from the lollipop experimen7vqafjbed .52hdg-v. d 2hf831e ncr ct that enabled Calvin to determine the order of the light-independent reactions of ph8fe2 j..hha b gddfn2q5 e-v7rvc3dc1otosynthesis?