What three processes can increase varia a/ am;0qr48ik ivedhjxc3h ,3tion in a population?

  Which of the following s d +-fu4n q2rlp.ha;kc9+grvutatement(s) are possible consequences to a polypeptide if a base substitution mud4pu vru+2k nhg + acr;.ql-f9tation occurs?
I. A shorter polypeptide chain is translated
II. An altered polypeptide chain is translated
III. There is no change to the polypeptide sequence

  The DNA sequence shown has been taken from exon 7czfja p5)e;a 1 of DNA within the human insulin gene. Which sequence corres)azaf7pe ;5jc ponds to a deletion mutation in the sequence?

  What is a possible cause of a genetic mutatp8bgte8r jr7)ion?

  In species that do not carry out sexual reproduction, nihnjo3)02l3v 9jyg0vlc u7d ;(dqcr what is a possible cause of varic ;0oujcy7g02)3ndv n3r9 dhl jlqiv(ation?

  Shown below is the single base substitution mutationed84 f0xf/ ae( 6dkiec that causes sickle cell anaemia in individuals who are homo 6/fxe( a4eckiefd08 dzygous for the allele. Which of the following is a result of this mutation?

  Which statement about mutations in germ and/or se0e -yg 0glnw5omatic cells is correct?

  This table is a short tzvax1iu* y(/3 jm7yd section of the output from a DNA sequence database comparing the cytochrome C gene sequm 3t ya17d* uvzj/(ixyence in two species. What does it show?

  A population of plants with no resistance to herbivores magojboxa84h0 v (nu.l m a /3s;uz/vdx1y develop into a population of plants that secrete a compound toxic to herbivore3dls . mb04(axzvxj/v1o8g un;uo/ has. How could this change occur?

Different species of living organisms have different numbers of gensztetd:i 50.e /.e +n:c 2 xmzype)edres characteristic to them. The table shows the estimated number om+piz/:eeeed05t xr2cte:.)yzs d n .f genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000
1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Outline the outcomes of the Huh/dr4 b8l*;lji ink yr+gw4x:man Genome Project (HGP).

2.Variation sometimes refers to the differences between individuals of the same species. Describe the role of genes in variation.

3.The frequency of the sickle cell allele is higher in regions of the world where malaria is prevalent. Explain the cause of sickle cell anaemia and the correlation between the frequency of the sickle cell allele and the prevalence of malaria.

1.Describe how a muta mx tnj2*gugnfqun o*,)t7,d( tion may be a silent mutation.

2.Outline five causes of gene mutations.

3.Compare and contrast the consequences of mutations in somatic and germ cells.