Which of the following does not cause c48 r pywiqveu7w,6h, poronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood jblepu ,sjg3i 0s4b,5is mainly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different parts b ijsgb,j4 ,0spu3le5of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature olz j d;7xgvng fq1 1ji;/w3nv6p tk-m2f phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the tablr )))dx+6y qgvzs*tx .gxbgr*e is correct for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow o.;u1h uxkn11jcw gv) sf blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant b;.yy x3suh) n ea2/ r;b (uib0dxhix7which is often used as a model for the study of seed ahx()yu h3 xd ny7.i;/ brea;ubb0 s2ixnatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correhkd kzj.48m v -kqx37sct for the structure and function of differe.d 8zshq7k kmk-4xvj 3nt blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section-dcllehbb 091dw)3 rg7xam7 cd wy10h through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency duof-9/2oi v vat which it beats?-f2/d9ovoivu

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is uz*8* c*dbu67b ) cukq,ctfcb used to measure water uptake in plants* ucbb,)*dccz uc6 b7*tkfuq8 .

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(su-e z+ xe5-z3)z8mqvrzf,d1cu mde h() is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the d aa5pa2 ,u g0;n1vcglj v4yn +l2wc:tyirection of blood flow into and out of the hear2uygg2:yaa1;,j0 +n 54t vvplnw clcat?

  The diagram below shows the structut9noof;cg vo i67fvq6c6 :a6p re of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary arte9:kbq xyusyvpx; c*,1/ jl2svry?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood s-k)nnhe )zzf mbhw(s(dq 3 c e413o,rfrom the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow x4r(+t.iing:l 8 pvjzt r3 k,ymylem vessels to transport water inside plantsy4(: , j8trz.rli3+igvp tnkm.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem loading-g 3r ktk:k6av?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the s)+og8w,,na;a1gfpi hwm p0z effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. Ap n;)wfpaza0,8gmwih, o +s 1g rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below representsd3 wglovj36 v; the circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the slxc8)8ku k *tltructure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electr8:9;ojfhrc iq on micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the:o fq9;8 ijhrc monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the or834 vo kfrhhaji4:w/8b:ukhuman heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of th.*culp7 )ua0wd vn(to-r r)l uuv-tr 2e stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have okzq +ll1k 6t/x:8 rnmyn other parts of a planl 8 rynm+q1tz6xk:/klt?

  What is the position of : 7dooy1nlocf-9r /jy +z+ oazq90gtmthe atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is th/fzja07:go+o o 9t mcn dyq orz91+yl-e greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively k 9jwoyy8w9wk0y 7;6cop -zewloaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transported around the plant7 9wk- wo8jkwpe;yywz 0cy 6o9.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels hvm , t(0k1no9x;docr s d4 4bktwb0y5in a developing shoot taken at 400× mky,50 d 0tbrvbd;(kncmx o 1o9s4w4htagnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be ln52dmksd rv83ower than atmospherksv2r m5 n83ddic pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by rootspov8z* d h(9ba?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences asdmksp*d-9 nlb m-k3 :fsociated with plaque buildup in the93 kpd*dk- sm-fm n:lb coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest l- lh ;.mju5a m/s2stmiignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioac+h,mbb ken5n 9of ixsj: -s.:oh5hi8r3fx 1pltively labelled carbon diox5-f:, nbo sb8knhsxoj lf.ixemiphh39r+1: 5ide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the root of a pl1vcg v;h 8srz -3ark)m 1+rwwnant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentrati7m,i zujkqngo,m*h1f . v*q:t on and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the oqj t:.* 7nziu,h1fvmmk,* qgleaves and roots?

  The image below repreghc*v *f,4vym:o m3 l;au/ighsents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle vg ah:f/c3l;mvhuy* g4* , iomand the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tube c0j6wor-6av( wr 0ikyelements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into p6j*jo5im ko +a plant. Aphids have been used to study tra*oi oj5kp+ mj6nsport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.