What property of water helps living organismlt7*h q,uau 2z1e -/9gzlw fygs maintain their internal body temperature?egg,l aw72 z1-9zl* /utu fyqh

  Which of the following is not solublulap6vz,fi * u-b0 vd.e in water?

  What substances are attracted to water a+myahk :x85s . t.nayd,nqni-nd form intermolecular bonds with water moln-t.8ix +hqnysd.m na yak:5,ecules?

  Which of the following is a reason for the retention of water onpz*.yyfql0xk9d;e+ 8 wggdx-: ,bocy7b fkk( Earth?

  What is the most accepted tadhpfiw( o 8u -ni 9pc5126klrheory for the origin of water on Earth?

  What intermolecular bondf. -sf uh.)w4 ttdml)t is responsible for water's cohesive, adhesive and thermal prop.f.ls4whtf - )t)tmd uerties?

1.Outline how hydrogen bonds form between watc gt3 7dn4eycr9j t2o3er molecules.

2.State one of the ways how hydrophilic substances interact with water.

3.State one of the ways how non-polar molecules interact with water.

4.Distinguish cohesion and adhesion.

  Which property of water ena**/mzn)bqdx6o0m hz xbles marine animals such as the ringed seal (Pusa hiso )m0xzxhnq 6**zmb/ dpida) to stay afloat in water without expending large amounts of energy?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transp:/bcn vf6q8mpew eq8e5q0; do xhhz:-ort wat0vewh h:qoe;d :-zx ec88 p/5fq6mnbqer inside plants.

Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which of the following is a lkp1oq*e 0j(yi(fpk. g4i r3w reason that the Earth is considered to be in ‘The Goldilocks zone’, but Saturn is no.i( kk 1pgei0pqw j3y4rofl*(t?

  Which of the following statements about the dipolarity of the water molecule ars4z s,/ a;g93mqsirvle trqr mazsg,9ssvi /l 3;4ue?
I. Oxygen attracts the shared electrons stronger than hydrogen.
II.Hydrogen atoms are partially negative.
III.The shared electrons spend more time closer to oxygen.

  Which of the following is not a reason that scientists lfi11 wh06 )ovka 37mdkpcbt+n ook for the presence of water on planets as a sign o0 np1 )b 1+ka6c7kmfdwvit3 hof extraterrestrial life?

  Which term to describe a property of water is matched to ii:thkrvy9. gh58:bao.r7a kh ts correct definition?taa ghrr. 9i:kkoy5h :.b8h 7v

  The image shows a watoe4drw ,q x3o. 6 -n:xa:woferer strider (G. lacustris) on the surface of a pond. What proe6-n3 4 oo,fwaw::e dorqx.rxperty of water is not depicted in the image?

Below is a picture of a water strider (Gerris sp.:q2hy5t;b* cn.qael 2eujibw - z+6hi).


1.Explain why the water strider (Gerris sp.) does not sink.
2.Describe, using an example, the importance of water as a solvent in living organisms.

The image shows a ringed seal tjgaq:ax sbd)9,r)z8p q62pn (Pusa hispida) that lives in the Arctic Sea.


1.Distinguish between the physical properties of air and water that allow the seal to mostly live in the sea.
2.Ringed seals glide into the water head first from ice shelves, rather like humans diving into a pool head first. Explain the advantage of entering the water in this way rather than ‘belly-flopping’ into the water.

  An investigation was carried out into the efft-zrv( 2 augn1ects of household detergents on aquatic habitats. Scientists tested the effect of different household detergents on the surface tensiz1(2a ugvrt -non of water in order to better understand the impact they may have on organisms living on the surface.

A paper clip was folded slightly on one side and rested on the surface of the water, maintained at a constant temperature and contained within a water tank. Drops of detergent solution were slowly added to the water tank until the paperclip sank to the bottom. The volume of detergent solution taken to sink the paperclip was recorded.

Detergent solutions were made by adding 5 ml of detergent to 15 ml of water.


1.Describe the relationship between the volume of detergent solution added and the surface tension of water.

2.1.For the Easy Clean detergent, calculate the mean number of drops of detergent needed to sink the paper clip.
Mean =  ml
2.2.Estimate how many drops of Easy Clean detergent solution it would take to sink 5 paper clips.

3.1.State one variable, other than those given, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve a valid result.
3.2.Suggest one method that could be used to keep the water at a constant temperature.
3.3.Explain the importance of maintaining water at a constant temperature.
3.4.Identify one potential source of error in the methodology.
4.Suggest why different numbers of drops of detergent solution were needed to sink the paperclip between each type of detergent.

  Which of the following is not a real-life j2(tskpnsi;7+ n lnj 7example of adhesion?

The image shows a cross-section of the vascular tissue o/wkiw e+l1lhok( j;9af a woody dicot stem, showing the annual rings o1kl9wiha+ew ( l/ok;j f phloem and xylem.


Explain how the properties of water allow it to be transported in the xylem.
Describe a physical property of water, other than those that are important for the movement of water through the plant, that makes water essential for the survival of plants.
Outline why plants cannot use water to transport lipids.
If the temperature drops to -1$^{\circ}$ for a few hours suggest a reason why the water in xylem may not freeze.

  The black-throated loon (Gavia arctica) is a bird that livu0d0e/(ie (c,ujal h-ar h,w;al7lw r es near large bodies of water in cold climates. Which of the following is a correct description of how the pae l (rhi,0, ulweh/l(-0;rcuaj wd7aroperties of water may make winter temperatures more moderate for the black-throated loon?

  Which of the following statement(s) about the role of water as a solvent is.qw g e9-nd2 ;:ha)gfp8fwy*g: anxpc correctw p2ga8yn ap9cfgnh:gwxe)*dq. f- ;:?

I. Salt can dissolve in water because it is hydrophilic
II. Lipids cannot dissolve in water because they are non-polar
III. Cellulose can dissolve in water, as it is able to form hydrogen bonds

  The micrograph below shows the longitudinal cross-section of a sawn s55g, ljabsw,7*utem from a plant in the Pinus genus. Xylem vessels are clearn w,5s7us5a g,abl*wjly visible.


The xylem is composed of hollow, tube-like tissues that transport water through capillary action. What property of water explains capillary action?

The diagram shows a solar system very similar to ours, where five ps *p8n4 0xrxqza4l;v1x m 2p7y g)pxptlanets orbit a centraxrnz4 *)qlpt7 48pv0pypg1a x;m2sxxl star.


1.Define the term “Goldilocks zone”.

2.1.Label with the letter R the planet that is least likely to have extraterrestrial life present.

2.2Explain reasons for your answer to part (i).

3.1.Some of the planets in this solar system have water present on them. Suggest where this water might have come from.

3.2.Explain why the planets referred to in part (i) have retained water, whereas others in this solar system have not.

4.Suggest one other biological molecule, other than water, that may be a sign of life on a planet.

  Which of the following statements expf8 (p+9m(hsiw8 spue plains how water has facilitated the evolutionehm sus8f p(8p +p9w(i of life on Earth?