Why is the depth of field greater, and the image sharper, when a camera lev2ymhyw* d8ztd rv4 21ns is “stopped down” to t2m8y1w*yvh4z2 v rdda larger f-number? Ignore diffraction.

Describe how diffraction affectsp kp ss ou)xc)ryuc //kr).ro67w .e*a the statement that the depth of field is greater and the image sharper when a camera lens is “stopped down” to a larger f-k)oc)os* r/e)r .ky rpu/as.wuc67 xpnumber.

Why must a camera lens be moved farther from the film to focus on a closer objcj,cf7q,b ska6 o;7 evect7 csoavbkq;c7 j,ef 6,?

Why are bifocals needed mainly by older persons and not generally by younghf n.o1kv1*n yfe:n9o er peop:o knny1eno*f1h v.9fle?

  Will a nearsighted person who wears corrh swx7yjv 9zxy*rz :.3ective lenses in her glasses be able to see clearly undsxyx: 7zw*.3h 9yvjrzerwater when wearing those glasses?  ----待选择----yesno Use a diagram to show why or why not.

You can tell whether a person is nearsighted om fpt4d n,eg xe;: dc0m*o2e:rr farsighted by looking at the width of the face through their glasses. If the person’s face appears narrower through the glasses (Fig. Below), is the person farsighte:nd4;f2 o x rdem,gc:t*0ep med or nearsighted?

In attempting to discern distant ddt;oe 8.gi-aubca 1 lk2hw06tetails, people will sometimes squint. Why does this hwgac0d86 e1ilu.ba ;ktoh-2telp?

Is the image formed on the retina of the human eyt9 )q*y fhd7vk,2huwpcm 6bw4e upright or inverted? Discuss the implications of this for o7m9 b6d chhy*kuwf4w vpq,2)tur perception of objects.

The human eye is mucmj+/r 2 idi vup-fgf4p8r6z)sh like a camera — yet, when a camera shutter is left open and the camera is move4srfu+v6-p g2p)i8j/ imzfrdd, the image will be blurred; but when you move your head with your eyes open, you still see clearly. Explain.

  Reading glasses use converging lenses. A simple magnifier mxh( bp9 7ujndm 6+bz7is also a converging lens. Are reading glasses therefore magjn+xm76b hz ud7bp(m9nifiers? ----待选择----yesno  Discuss the similarities and differences between converging lenses as used for these two different purposes.

Inexpensive microscopes for children’s use usually produce images tha0*nwgp+manja-a7 a wv/w b 11rt are colore*r-1 wgbn7+ v m1aanjwa0wa/pd at the edges. Why?

Spherical aberration in a thin lens is minimized if rays are bent eqb8u0i j8zl wu;l0 baf8ually by the two slju fz8 ;ubi8w 80lab0urfaces. If a planoconvex lens is used to form a real image of an object at infinity, which surface should face the object? Use ray diagrams to show why.

Which aberrations present in a simple :ae8hg,;qe h klens are not present (or are greatly reduced) in the human eg8;k: ,hqhae eye?

Explain why chromatic aberration o7-q8n b dur)wsccurs for thin lenses but not for mirrors.

  By what factor can you improve resolution, other things being equal, if ybep(m e835k) ;xu0ln3 vb w s2vtmmnh.ou use s wn;23bleb35tm8mn vm(uvh e.p0 kx )blue light ($\lambda=450mm$) rather than red (700 $nm$)?  

Give at least two advantag8mc5i xz-etofbzt *jds.-2x9 es for the use of large reflecting mirrors in astronomical telesmifx5t29d.sztcb*oz j -8-ex copes.

Which color of visible lighakkxpd+3 35e25-zqbxnzjhe - t would give the best resolution in a microscope? Explai znx2z 3+j35-he-k qpxed 5akbn.

  Atoms have diameters25r7rtt f.,rr 2ww bgo of about $10^{-8}\,$cm$. Can visible light be used to “see” an atom? ----待选择----yesno  Explain.

  A 55-mm-focal-length lens has f-stops ranging fromrtbgzm/3 q4a +f m.4kk $f/1.4$ to $f/22$. What is the corresponding range of lens diaphragm diameters?    $\mathrm{mm}\leq D\leq$    $\mathrm{mm}$

  A television camera lens ha vw3yev5 4)hh 61 9hv7c)t8ydaqz jkurs a 14-$cm$ focal length and a lens diameter of 6.0 $cm$. What is its $f$-number? $f$/  

  A light meter reports that a camera sety): v ;n;mxcpc)f aqj4ting of $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/5.6$ will give a correct exposure. But the photographer wishes to use $f/11$ to increase the depth of field. What should the shutter speed be?$t_2$ = 1/   s

  A properly exposed photograph is taken a59 fcj 9ge g ho9r94ef cz3d.tov/bz*tt $f/16$ and $\frac{1}{60}\,s$ What lens opening would be required if the shutter speed were $\frac{1}{1000}\,s$? $f$/  

  If an $f$ = 135-mm telephoto lens is designed to cover object distances from 1.2 m to $\infty $, over what distance must the lens move relative to the plane of the film?    mm

  A 200-mm-focal-length lens can be adjusted so that it is 200.0j wuz rbq c/0+c1(gt0b mm to 206.0 mm fromwbj (cg/10tr+uqb z0c the film. For what range of object distances can it be adjusted?    $\mathrm{m}\leq d_{\circ}\leq\infty$

  A nature photographer wishes to photograph a 28-mtb9is(sksn 4ks n,wq2r 2znj,: all tree from a distance of 58 m. What focal-length lens should be used if the image i,ins 4 2w: z n2s9nqrkksjs,b(s to fill the 24-mm height of the film?    mm

A “pinhole” camera uses a tiny pinhole instead of a lens. Show, gtsd of pm46(jk1*9 zpusing ray diagrams, how reasonablm4d t9k1zp6 *ojsgpf(y sharp images can be formed using such a pinhole camera. In particular, consider two point objects 2.0 $cm$ apart that are 1.0 m from a 1.0-mm-diameter pinhole. Show that on a piece of film 7.0 $cm$ behind the pinhole the two objects produce two separate circles that do not overlap.

  Suppose that a correct exposk)0 zl0z(h ydlure is $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/11$ Under the same conditions, what exposure time would be needed for a pinhole camera (Problem 8) if the pinhole diameter is 1.0 mm and the film is 7.0 $cm$ from the hole? $t_2$ = 1/   s

  A human eyeball is az re.dnrsr 7gfj2);o5bout 2.0 $cm$ long, and the pupil has a maximum diameter of about 8.0 mm. What is the “speed” of this lens? $ f-stop$ = f/  

  If the nearsighted person in Examp: ;yoblb,.kcws* 5hh vle 25–6 wore contact lenses corrected for the fabhk;cv *lho,w:s. by5 r point $(=\,\infty)$ show that the near point would be 41 $cm$. (Would glasses be better in this case?) glasses would be  ----待选择----betterworse 

  Reading glasses of what power are needed for a person whose near po .1zic 4:xeu*gzmnonw(lk-2dint is 115 $cm$, so that he can read a computer screen at 55 $cm$? Assume a lens–eye distance of 1.8 $cm$.+    D

  A person has a far poin)p 6/ wocnt9v(zkgow8t of 14 $cm$. What power glasses would correct this vision if the glasses were placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye?    What power contact lenses, placed on the eye, would the person need?   

  A person struggles to read by holding a book at arm’s length, cx 5+loet(2 u2ccvw; ua distance of 45 $cm$ away (= near point). What power of reading glasses should be prescribed for him, assuming they will be placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye and he wants to read at the normal near point of 25 $cm$? +    D

  A person’s left eye isson )vrj019w b corrected by a $-3.50-diopter$ lens, 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
(a) Is this person’s left eye near- or farsighted?  ----待选择----nearsightedfarsighted 
(b) What is this eye’s far point without glasses?    cm

  A person’s right eye can see objects clearly only if they 8itpvmd 8vbs/ qa 66o2are between 25 $cm$ and 75 $cm$ away.
(a) What power of contact lens is required so that objects far away are sharp? -    D
(b) What will be the near point with the lens in place?    cm

  About how much longer is the neark)h5tu hffewc51 2h4b sighted eye in Example 25–6 than the 2.0 $cm$ of a normal eye?    cm

  One lens of a nearsighted person’s eyeglasses has a focal length ofju*g. 6 z/l h.6lda9rxrlvc6 f $-22.0 \, cm$ and the lens is 1.8 $cm$ from the eye. If the person switches to contact lenses that are placed directly on the eye, what should be the focal length of the corresponding contact lens?    cm

  What is the focal length of the eye–lens system when*j cs:sr5hi du*ld1 w- viewing an object
(a) at infinity,    cm
(b) 33 $cm$ from the eye? Assume that the lens–retina distance is 2.0 $cm$.   cm

  A nearsighted person has near andg dtmw-/kjg 0v 8,8zzw far points of 10.0 and 20.0 $cm$, respectively. If she puts on contact lenses with power $P\,=\,-4.00D$, what are her new near and far points?
near point    cm
far point    cm

  What is the magnification of a lens used with a relaxed e5g)db.-y/ qveqb4cr eye if its focal length is 12 vcrb/ bdeg-4y5.q q)e $cm$? =    $\times$

  What is the focal length of a magnifying glask, y t.ou01osms of $3.5\times$ magnification for a relaxed normal eye?    cm

  A magnifier is rated at q rx8qynx1yo33,ztj4$2.5\times$for a normal eye focusing on an image at the near point.
(a) What is its focal length?    cm
(b) What is its focal length if the $2.5\times$ refers to a relaxed eye?    cm

  Sherlock Holmes is usin vy86e*8ac5kv tji eg x+kix,+g a 9.00-$cm$-focal-length lens as his magnifying glass. To obtain maximum magnification, where must the object be placed (assume a normal eye), and what will be the magnification?
$d_o$ =    cm from the lens
M =    $\times$

  A 3.30-mm-wide beetle is viewed with a 9.5009s0ir 3 hkkx nag/uw3-$cm$-focal-length lens. A normal eye views the image at its near point. Calculate
(a) the angular magnification, =    $\times$
(b) the width of the image,    mm
(c) the object distance from the lens.    cm from the lens

  A small insect is placed 5.55 d7lf2e/ k4q az1e x1fr$cm$ from a $+6.00-$cm$-focal-length$ lens. Calculate
(a) the position of the image,    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass with a focal ;q-za cy; ypv7/l:vgm( 8 ymuolength of 8.5 $cm$ is used to read print placed at a distance of 7.5 $cm$. Calculate
(a) the position of the image;    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass is rated at h5erbh )rjso5m h0 8e;o.oj7h$3.0\times$ for a normal eye that is relaxed. What would be the magnification of this lens for a relaxed eye whose near point is
(a) 55 $cm$, =    $\times$
(b) 16 $cm$? Explain the differences. =    $\times$

  What is the magnification of an astronomical telescopehbx t)9mj6ec)u: ry:g whose objective lens has a focaey b9:)mr6 j:ct hgx)ul length of 76 $cm$ and whose eyepiece has a focal length of 2.8 $cm$? What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for a relaxed eye?
M =    $\times$
L =    $\times$

  The overall magnification of an astronomical thxd k97ydkp4f1k6 4uaelescope is desired to be 25$\times$. If an objective of 78$-cm$ focal length is used,
what must be the focal length of the eyepiece? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for use by the relaxed eye? L =    cm

  An 8.0$\times$ binocular has 2.8$-$cm$-focal-length$ eyepieces. What is the focal length of the objective lenses?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has an ob0ou: 7qxofx2 ejective with focal length 85 $cm$ and a $+35-D$ eyepiece. What is the total magnification? =    $\times$

  An astronomical telescope has it ll*i/yj7e0sfs two lenses spaced 75.2 $cm$ apart. If the objective lens has a focal length of 74.5 $cm$, what is the magnification of this telescope? Assume a relaxed eye. =    $\times$

  A Galilean telescope adjusted for a relaxed eye is 32+sg4+k+tq 0vy j:px h3 nqnad3.8 $cm$ long. If the objective lens has a focal length of 36.0 $cm$, what is the magnification? =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power of an astronomical telescope us(r6nau02-0hil x xjo,jb:zgking a reflecting mirror whose radius of curvatun0lzjh (xujbr6, xik 0:2o -agre is 6.0 $m$ and an eyepiece whose focal length is 3.2 $cm$? =    $\times$

  The Moon’s image appears to be magnifiedo(;x(r is26naifu j6d 120$\times$ by a reflecting astronomical telescope with an eyepiece having a focal length of 3.2 $cm$. What are the focal length and radius of curvature of the main (objective) mirror? M =    m r =    m

  A 170$\times$ astronomical telescope is adjusted for a relaxed eye when the two lenses are 1.25 m apart. What is the focal length of each lens?
$f_e$ =    mm
$f_o$ =    m

  A reflecting telescope (Fig. Below) has a radius of curvature of 3d3cfe-x x8(ot .0 m for its objective mirt8(eoxd cf -3xror and a radius of curvature of $-1.50m$ for its eyepiece mirror. If the distance between the two mirrors is 0.90 m, how far in front of the eyepiece should you place the photographic film to record the image of a star? $d_{2i}$ =    m

  A microscope uses an eyepiece with a focal length of rz dh9jvn/r 4bgks116: apl0s1.40 $cm$. Using a normal eye with a final image at infinity, the tube length is 17.5 $cm$ and the focal length of the objective lens is 0.65 $cm$. What is the magnification of the microscope? =    $\times$

  A 620 $\times$ microscope uses a 0.40-$cm$-focal-length objective lens. If the tube length is 17.5 $cm$, what is the focal length of the eyepiece? Assume a normal eye and that the final image is at infinity. $f_e$ =    cm

  A 17-$cm$-long microscope has an eyepiece with a focal length of 2.5 $cm$ and an objective with a focal length of 0.28 $cm$. What is the approximate magnification?    $times$

  A microscope has a 12.0.bnnzm j: ve)/$times$ eyepiece and a 59.0$times$ objective lens 20.0 $cm$ apart. Calculate
(a) the total magnification,    $times$
(b) the focal length of each lens, $f_e$ =    cm $f_o$ =    cm
(c) where the object must be for a normal relaxed eye to see it in focus. $d_o$ =    cm

  A microscope has a 1/whj 9t7yf qv /2rb3np.8-$cm$-focal-length eyepiece and a 0.80-$cm$ objective lens. Assuming a relaxed normal eye, calculate
(a) the position of the object if the distance between the lenses is 16.0 $cm$, $d_{oo}$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $times$

  Repeat Problem 61 assuming that the final m j8ml4sz-fv.image is located 25 $cm$ from the eyepiece (near point of a normal eye). $d_{oo}$ =    cm   $times$

  The eyepiece of a compound microscope has a focal length of 2ondx ety*9q9 di:+ s3j.70 $cm$, and the objective lens has $f=0.740\mathrm{~cm}$. If an object is placed 0.790 $cm$ from the objective lens, calculate
(a) the distance between the lenses when the microscope is adjusted for a relaxed eye, $l$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $\times$

  An achromatic lens is made of .m+n(zcy9p -x( z:d efx5oky+ /tlaudtwo very thin lenses, placed in contact, that have focal len (ct+onxy ml+9-y5 z puxe(:zk./fa ddgths of $f_1=-28\mathrm{~cm}$ and $f_2=+23\mathrm{~$cm$}.$
(a) Is the combination converging or diverging?  ----待选择----convergingdiverging 
(b) What is the net focal length?    m

  Let’s examine spherical aberration in a particular situation. 9q3a cdcd.1eb i5bjl:A planoconvex lens of in1bicabd9 .3cdejl q :5dex of refraction 1.50 and radius of curvature $R=12.0\mathrm{~$cm$}$ is shown in (Fig. Below). Consider an incoming ray parallel to the principal axis and a height h above it as shown. Determine the distance d, from the flat face of the lens, to where this ray crosses the principal axis if
(a) $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_1$ =    cm
(b) $h=6.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_2$ =    cm
(c) How far apart are these “focal points”? $\Delta d$ =    cm
(d) What is the radius of the “circle of least confusion” produced by the $h=6.0-\mathrm{~$cm$},$ ray at the “focal point” for $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$? r =    cm

  What is the angular resolution,fjtp 5m ;(*ff. fj z5uuslx,j limit (degrees) set by diffraction for the 100-in. (2uf5fmt lj uf5z *fj ,,j.xsp;(54-$cm$ mirror diameter) Mt. Wilson telescope ($\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}$)?   $ \times10^{ -5}\;^{\circ}$

  Suppose that you wish to construct a telescope that can r/(m w.yo2lkllk 4a 4glesolve features 7.0 $km$ across on the Moon, 384,000 $km$ away. You have a 2.0-$m$-focal-length objective lens whose diameter is 11.0 $cm$.
What focal-length eyepiece is needed if your eye can resolve objects 0.10 $mm$ apart at a distance of 25 $cm$? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the resolution limit (radians) set by the size of the objective lens (that is, by diffraction)?
Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ $\theta$   $ \times10^{ -6}\;rad$

  The normal lens on a 35-mm camera has a focal length of c uwwo)c+8v6;chee : 6bx*m-c l 5,8fg mumiub50.0 $mm$. Its aperture diameter varies from a maximum of 25 $mm$ $(f/2)$ to a minimum of 3.0 mm $(f/16)$. Determine the resolution limit set by diffraction for $f/2$ and $f/16$. Specify as the number of lines per millimeter resolved on the film. Take $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$
For $\frac{f}{2}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm
For $\frac{f}{16}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm

  Two stars 15 light-years away are barely resolve/e ekgww ,a+py7*x 7cjd by a 55-$cm$ (mirror diameter) telescope. How far apart are the stars? Assume $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ and that the resolution is limited by diffraction.   $ \times10^{11 }\;m$

  (a) How far away can a human eye distinguish two car headlights b. psd0;a6u:p 2aijsms v/pe:2.0 $m$ apart? Consider only diffraction effects and assume an eye pupil diameter of 5.0 $mm$ and a wavelength of 550 $nm$.
L =    km
(b) What is the minimum angular separation an eye could resolve when viewing two stars, considering only diffraction effects? In reality, it is about of arc. Why is it not equal to your answer in (b)? $\theta$ =    $\times 10^{-3}$ $^{\circ}$

  The Earth and Moon are separa3itwl/m6x/k prtf)d/ zy yw9;ted by about $400\times10^6\mathrm{~m.}$ When Mars is $8\times10^{10}\mathrm{~m}$ from Earth, could a person standing on Mars resolve the Earth and its Moon as two separate objects without a telescope? Assume a pupil diameter of 5 $mm$ and $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$  ----待选择----yesno 

  X-rays of wavelength 0.133 nm fall on a crys29dfq, 7wrn zjtal whose atoms, lying in planes, are spacd jrqf,27zw 9ned 0.280 $nm$ apart. At what angle \phi (relative to the surface, Fig. Below) must the X-rays be directed if the first diffraction maximum is to be observed? $\phi $ =    $^{\circ}\,$

  X-rays of wavelength 0.0973 nm are directed at an unknown crystal. The secon5nk.bnr bp :9)oll u6md diffraction maximum is lmn:6nk5p l)9 u.brob recorded when the X-rays are directed at an angle of $\mathrm{23.4°}$ relative to the crystal surface. What is the spacing between crystal planes? d =    nm

  First-order Bragg diffraction is obsfcg hk,(pv i1o)b;p+is5mqa .erved at $\mathrm{25.2°}$ related to the crystal surface, with spacing between atoms of 0.24 $nm$.
(a) At what angle will second order be observed? $\phi_2 $=    $^{\circ}\,$
(b) What is the wavelength of the X-rays? $\lambda $ =    nm

  (a) Suppose for a convent.togp / 6m4pyyional X-ray image that the X-ray beam consists of parallel rays. What would be the magnifiyp6o.tp mg4 y/cation of the image? a the magnification is   
(b) Suppose, instead, the X-rays come from a point source (as in Fig. Below) that is 15 $cm$ in front of a human body 25 $cm$ thick, and the film is pressed against the person’s back. Determine and discuss the range of magnifications that results. $m_1$ =    the magnification is  

  Sam purchases $+3.50-diopter$ eyeglasses which correct his faulty vision to put his near point at 25 $cm$. (Assume he wears the lenses 2.0 $cm$ from his eyes.)
(a) Calculate the focal length of Sam’s glasses.    cm
(b) Calculate Sam’s near point without glasses. his near point is    cm
(c) Pam, who has normal eyes with near point at 25 $cm$, puts on Sam’s glasses. Calculate Pam’s near point with Sam’s glasses on.    cm from her eyes

  As early morning passed toward midday, and the i/mq7u94 bqyau ne 3;msunlight got more intense, a photo amu;me47i b/9quy3 qngrapher noted that, if she kept her shutter speed constant, she had to change the $f$-number from $f/5.6$ to $f/22$. By what factor had the sunlight intensity increased during that time? $I_2$ =    $I_1$

Show that for objects very far away (assume infinity), the magnification be. /um 1fqm t1-5sln: zihrg,of a camera lens is proportional to its focrnmfm : t 1l,-s5/eu1hb.gziq al length.

  For a camera equipped wifa+7mxk)(u-;yxrrs9v r tu(gth a 50-$mm$-focal-length lens, what is the object distance if the image height equals the object height? How far is the object from the film?
$d_o$ =    mm
d =    mm

  A woman can see clearly with her rh 58x nz/xe1( w7/uesc bs0 3inkhmc0wight eye only when objects are between 45 $cm$ and 155 $cm$ away. Prescription bifocals should have what powers so that she can see distant objects clearly (upper part) and be able to read a book 25 $cm$ away (lower part) with her right eye? Assume that the glasses will be 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
$P_1$ =    D(upper part)
$P_2$ =    D(lower part)

  A child has a near point of gl )p,r9-5+)yvldsgza;ken b02 njs q15 $cm$. What is the maximum magnification the child can obtain using an 8.0-$cm$-focal-length magnifier? What magnification can a normal eye obtain with the same lens? Which person sees more detail?
$M_1$ =    $\times$
$M_2$ =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying :anfszg+ku .*f jo6d+power of a $+4.0-D$ lens used as a magnifier? Assume a relaxed normal eye. $M$ =    $\times$

  A physicist lost in the mountains tries to make a telesqch9g* jng+ 6icope using the lenses from h9ji 6*hc +ggqnis reading glasses. They have powers of $+2.0-D$ and $+4.0-D$, respectively.
(a) What maximum magnification telescope is possible? $M$ =    $\times$
(b) Which lens should be used as the eyepiece?    D

  A 50-year-old man useeih)v.j1tc h9 s $+2.5-diopter$ lenses to read a newspaper 25 $cm$ away. Ten years later, he must hold the paper 35 $cm$ away to see clearly with the same lenses. What power lenses does he need now in order to hold the paper 25 $cm$ away? (Distances are measured from the lens.) $P_2$ = +    D

  Spy planes fly at extremely 0hmabx9 h;f1+,t yspmk3zfu/high altitudes (25 $km$) to avoid interception. Their cameras are reportedly able to discern features as small as 5 $cm$. What must be the minimum aperture of the camera lens to afford this resolution? (Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$)D =    cm

When shooting pictures at very short+/sl gzh,7 ocj distances, exposure times must be increased because of the increased distance of the lens from, s7gol+jzh/c the film for a focused image.
(a) Show that when the object is so close to the camera that the image height equals the object height, the exposure time must be four times longer (or 2 f-stops) than when the object is a long distance away (say, $$\infty), given the same illumination and f-stop.
(b) Show that if $d_o$ is at least four or five times the focal length f of the lens, the exposure time is increased by less than half an f-stop relative to the same object being a great distance away.

  The objective lens and the eyepiece of a telescope are spaced 85 4hz5uf 8mj wb woa+b w*5(9nxu$cm$ apart. If the eyepiece is $+23$ diopters, what is the total magnification of the telescope? $M$ =    $\times$

  The Hubble Space Teleyjlg7wyp*+k l*b, vq-vben :2scope, with an objective diameter of 2.4 m, is viewing the Moon. Estimate the minimum distance between two objects on the Moon that the Hubble can distinguish. Consider diffraction of light of wavelength 550 y:+,wven p j*-y qkl7v2gbbl *nm. Assume the Hubble is near the Earth.    m

  Two converging lenses, one wisz **bxuv5 ii2h01 p+o sxah q:f/ka;yth $f=4.0\mathrm{~cm}$ and the other with $f=44\mathrm{~cm}$ are made into a telescope.
(a) What are the length and magnification? Which lens should be the eyepiece?
The distance between the two lenses is   cm
M =    $\times $
f =    cm
(b) Assume these lenses are now combined to make a microscope; if the magnification needs to be $25\times,$ how long would the microscope be?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has a magnification of 4h0 ,flqp8wc swm53ue mqv )(g8.0. If the two lenses are 28 $cm$ apart, determine the focal length of each lens.
The focal length of the eyepiece lens is    cm
The focal length of the objective lens is    cm

  You want to design a spy satellite to photograph license plam / x)7,wbf 8cpnv w+t(y8 k3jcq:odsote numbers. Assuming it is necessary to resolve points sepmwvyk) t x, +(w3of:c8pnq7/bsoj8 dcarated by 5 $cm$ with 550-$nm$ light, and that the satellite orbits at a height of 130 $km$, what minimum lens aperture (diameter) is required? D =    m

  A Lucite planoconvex lens (Fig. Below) has one flat surface and the wp*dt qln.co6 n5e.cwa / g8i pg)vd64other has $R=18.4\mathrm{~cm}.$ This lens is used to view an object, located 66.0 $cm$ away from the lens, which is a mixture of red and yellow. The index of refraction of the glass is 1.5106 for red light and 1.5226 for yellow light. What are the locations of the red and yellow images formed by the lens? $d_{i\,red}$ =    cm
$d_{i\,orange}$ =    cm