1. Which of the following could be part of (iyrz9( +um7-dsx k0 gr0urd qthe description of a forest habitat on a mountain? zmru sxu70k g(q(ry+r-id09 d
I. The community in the forest.
II. The population of a species.
III. The annual mean rainfall.
IV. The location of the mountain range

  2. Which of the following are conditions required for coral bkc pa.50- r:*plg+qw1bff urreef formation in an fcr f.l:pw 1+*q ua0kpg5rb b-ocean?
I. Appropriate salinity of the water.
II. The presence of coral grazing species.
III. The annual mean temperature of the ocean between 22 and 27°C.
IV. The depth of the water allows sunlight to reach the reef.

  3. Which one of the following is a corrt h zbc+ffv-ld- 9c;.)ni)xlzect feature of a tundra biome but not for a tailff;lv cti).)xz-+ -dh z9cbnga biome?

  4. What is the best description of the l kh*v+++omor uimits of tolerance of a species?

(a) Divided leaves

(b) Low stomatal denlkbc17yo s53 asity

(c) Leaves at the topmz+phx5mj 7;m of tall stems.

(a) List the two abiotic factors that are the determina/z gl+zlb j,sact 5x07i(th;tnts of the type of terrestb5sljtazl0x,7;cg hz /+i(t trial biome.

(b) Suggest one examf0:hn t3dl-b1j- jmrzple of an area occupied by one these biomes that may change due to global warming. Suggest a rezf bjrd1m0 j-l3n- :thason why this change may happen.

7. Borislava is an ecologist. She is responsible for the protectwss5tq4fz) *tr 5gew9ed areas of a beach on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. The area is protected because there are populations of rare ztw9s5esq5r f *w)4g tplants adapted to the sand dune habitat which is a hostile environment for many plant species. The conservation areas are each of approximately 100x50m.

Explain how to carry out a line transect to monitor the distribution of plants in this part of the beach.

8. Outline three ways in which plant* nqtmuk: 8q8vs avoid being consumed by herbivorous animalstvm*u8qkn :q8.