1. Which of the following could be part of the description of a forest 17t- fkms0lnzrq27w. kht )dz habitat on a m0htrs 1kw-qf)2 7 tz7zmn.ldkountain?
I. The community in the forest.
II. The population of a species.
III. The annual mean rainfall.
IV. The location of the mountain range

  2. Which of the following are conditions required for coral reef forma ;bp nmw05zvd::dye .ation in an oceanw.z5adnm;d0 :e:p vyb?
I. Appropriate salinity of the water.
II. The presence of coral grazing species.
III. The annual mean temperature of the ocean between 22 and 27°C.
IV. The depth of the water allows sunlight to reach the reef.

  3. Which one of the following is a correct feature of a tun 97a3 qxo.uhcg*qbvd9 dra biome but not for a txa9vc .39uh *gq7 obqdaiga biome?

  4. What is the best dev1fya4 vyvg7p3p6mxrbf m1 kern67) .scription of the limits of tolerance of a species?

(a) Divided leaves

(b) Low stomatal densifjl d .z.it)l6;8o.lb kk9tkety

(c) Leaves at the top of tall stems.r8 a kujk:yhtww2d8,3

(a) List the two abiotic factors that are the determinants of the th .fedi14q4eg +mrg.sype of terrestrial 4+g e4dgs1 qe.rf.h imbiome.

(b) Suggest one example of an area occupied by one these biomes that may chan yl;5.cu3eyqlj fgf. 4ge due.f5q ej.l ;fclgyu4 y3 to global warming. Suggest a reason why this change may happen.

7. Borislava is an ecologist. She is responsiku)4-3cr z k e5)*xxa+ygayef ble for the protected areas of a beach on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. The area is protected because there are populations of rare plants adapted to the sand dune habitat which is a hostile environment for many plant species. The conservation areafygr5az)cke +e x* a3uyx-k) 4s are each of approximately 100x50m.

Explain how to carry out a line transect to monitor the distribution of plants in this part of the beach.

8. Outline three ways in which plants avoid being consumedt7-5qg*j raj pp y)-jz by herbivorous animals 5a7 p*qjj)-gp -tjryz.